In this book, I imagined images of objects during the evolution of ideas before they were completely useful, following the title of the book “The evolution of useful things.” For me, innovation is sparked by the aim of less swearing and less frustration and time spent on a job. Evolution evokes objects that mate with previous object ideas and give birth to objects advancing the ease of jobs. I define the uselessness of an object by what would make an object frustrating to use or incapable of doing the job or harder to use than an alternate idea. 

The first thing I learned in physics is to find the simplest solution to a phenomenon even if it seems impossible. I’m drawn to ideas beyond my comprehension that compel me to figure them out and with my art experiences, I'm drawn to figurative gestures. This gave birth to walking hammers, zippers that don’t zip, and overly engineered window wipers. There is a painting for each chapter, taking one object declared useful in the chapter and reimagining it.